Climate Change

Large Dams, Climate Change, Human Rights

AIDA Presents Report on Large Dams Before the Inter-American Development Bank (Spanish)

Para Publicación Inmediata: 19 de Marzo de 2010   Contacto: Astrid Puentes Riaño - AIDA, +(52-1-55) 23016639, [email protected]   Informe: Grandes Represas en América ¿Peor el remedio que la enfermedad?   AIDA PRESENTA DOCUMENTO ANTE EL BID El objetivo del documento es el de promover un mejor entendimiento de la situación, evidenciar la vinculación entre los graves impactos ambientales y la violación a los derechos humanos que las grandes represas pueden causar.   Cancún, México – La Asociación Interamericana para la Defensa del Ambiente, AIDA, presentará el informe: “Grandes Represas en América, ¿Peor el remedio que la enfermedad?” ante el Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo, BID. La presentación se hará en el marco de la Reunión Anual de Gobernadores del BID que se celebra en Cancún, hasta el 23 de marzo. En esta reunión, entre otros, el BID decidirá acerca de la recapitalización del Banco para promover mayores inversiones en el hemisferio.   “Esperamos que las futuras inversiones financiadas por el BID y otras Instituciones Financieras Internacionales tengan en cuenta este informe, así como los estándares internacionales para estos proyectos, incluyendo las recomendaciones de la Comisión Mundial de Represas” declaró Astrid Puentes, co-directora de AIDA. “Esto podría Así podrían evitar graves impactos ambientales y a los derechos humanos, y promover verdaderos proyectos de energía limpia”.   El objetivo del Informe es evidenciar la vinculación entre los graves impactos ambientales y la violación a los derechos humanos que las grandes represas pueden causar y motivar la implementación de proyectos de energía adecuados. Para ello, se analizan cinco estudios de caso de distintas regiones de América Latina: La Parota (México), Chan 75 (Centroamérica), Baba (región Andina), Río Madeira (Brasil) y Yacyretá (Cono Sur).    El informe preparado por AIDA en coordinación con International Rivers y con la cooperación de múltiples organizaciones no gubernamentales y de comunidades afectadas por las grandes represas en el hemisferio, se presentó también en noviembre pasado ante la Comisión Interamericana de Derechos Humanos (CIDH) en Washington. La CIDH celebró esta audiencia dada la importancia del tema para la adecuada protección de los derechos humanos en la región.   Entre los impactos más graves generados por las grandes represas, abordados en el Informe, se incluyen: el empeoramiento de la calidad y salubridad de las aguas tanto río arriba como río abajo por la modificación artificial de las cuencas hidrográficas; la degradación de ecosistemas acuáticos; los impactos a la biodiversidad; los impactos en el cambio climático por el aumento en la emisión de gases efecto invernadero dada la descomposición de materia orgánica inundada; el posible aumento de actividad sísmica; la destrucción de ecosistemas estratégicos; el desplazamiento forzado de comunidades típicamente en situación de vulnerabilidad, como las indígenas, campesinas y afrodescendientes, así como las mujeres y los niños y las niñas; la pérdida de fuentes de alimentación y de sustento; la falta de participación pública y acceso a la información; la falta de consulta y la obtención del consentimiento libre, previo e informado de comunidades afectadas; y criminalización de la protesta social hacia personas o comunidades que defienden sus derechos.   “Buscamos evitar estas consecuencias negativas y promover alternativas efectivas a las necesidades energéticas, para lograr un verdadero desarrollo sostenible”, puntualizó Jacob Kopas, abogado de AIDA y coautor del Informe.   Versión completa del informe y Resumen Ejecutivo   Para mayor información acerca de la situación de las grandes represas en América Latina visite: www.aida-americas.org www.internationalrivers.org www.redlar.org/

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Climate Change, Human Rights, Indigenous Rights

Inter-American Commission on Human Rights Examines Impacts of Large Dams in Latin America

Inter-American Commission on Human Rights Examines Impacts of Large Dams in Latin America Washington, D.C. - On November 2, 2009 the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights will hold a hearing on the impacts that large dams in Latin America have on human rights and the environment. Dam-affected peoples and non-governmental organizations (NGOs) will present information showing that Latin-American governments are building dams at great social, environmental and economic costs, often disregarding national and international laws and violating human rights. “More than a million people have already been affected by large dams in Latin America, many of whom are from indigenous and small farming communities,” said Rafael González, Board Member of the Interamerican Association for Environmental Defense (AIDA). “More than 300 new dams are being planned throughout the region, which could destroy the livelihoods of hundreds of thousands of people and harm precious ecosystems.” The over 40 national and international NGOs requesting this hearing will present findings from AIDA’s forthcoming publication, Large Dams in the Americas: Is the Cure Worse than the Disease?, to the IACHR documenting the poor track record of dam construction in the hemisphere. They will also encourage the Inter-American Commission to make recommendations to member States on how to avoid major environmental damages and human rights violations. “The granting of this hearing by the IACHR is a positive demonstration of their interest in examining the link between large dams and human rights violations,” said Astrid Puentes co-Director of AIDA. “We hope that the IACHR will begin an investigation and recommend that States strictly enforce international standards and human rights law, to avoid major environmental impacts and human rights tragedies.” The human rights impacts of large dams are numerous. Affected communities and stakeholders—mostly indigenous, fishing and farming communities—rarely have the opportunity to participate in decisions on dam developments, and frequently are subjected to intimidation, harassment and even military actions when they oppose projects. Families displaced by large dams often receive inadequate or no compensation. Equally troubling are poorly developed resettlement plans that do not account for lost livelihoods or lack of access to medical attention, fishing areas and farming land, leaving families worse off as a result. Large dams have also had profound environmental impacts. Enormous reservoirs inundate biodiverse wildlife habitats and fertile farmlands. Dams and river diversions also harm fish populations, and are the main cause for the extinction or endangerment of one-third of the world’s freshwater fish species. “We are not against development.” said Father Gabriel Espinoza, spokesperson for communities affected by the El Zapotillo dam in Mexico, and who will speak before the Inter-American Commission. “We understand that a country’s needs for energy and water should be met as a fundamental right of all peoples.” “But governments cannot proceed without consulting and providing information for local communities, according to national and international law. That would violate our fundamental freedoms and disrespect our lives, history, culture and livelihoods.” “There are often better, cheaper, and less-destructive alternatives to building a large dam, whether to meet energy or water needs, or to reduce the impacts from floods,” said Monti Aguirre of International Rivers. “Small-scale, decentralized water supplies and new renewable energy sources, as well as large-scale efficiency and conservation plans are only some of the options available. Unfortunately, governments and corporations frequently ignore these choices or dismiss them out-of-hand when a large dam project is on the table.” The World Commission on Dams, in its ground-breaking report on large dams, Dams and Development, recommends using a comprehensive, participatory process to evaluate needs for water and energy and to assess the full range of available options. The hearing is open to the public and will take place on November 2, 2009, from 5:30 to 6:15 p.m., Room Rubén Darío, 8th Floor of the OAS General Secretariat Building, 1889 F Street NW, Washington, D.C. Guidelines for press coverage of public hearings at http://www.cidh.org/Prensa/guidelinespresscoverageENGL.htm. Opportunities for interviews with presenters after the hearing. For more information on large dams in the Americas: International Rivers, Redlar

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Climate Change, Human Rights, Indigenous Rights

Large dams in the Americas: Is the cure worse than the disease?

Large dams consistently cause severe, and often irreversible, environmental and social damage. Their construction is also often associated with violations of international human rights and environmental laws. AIDA’s report Large Dams in the Americas: Is the Cure Worse than the Disease? explores these grave impacts and explains the existing international standards that should be applied to protect the environment and human rights. The report also exposes the dangers of using large hydroelectric dams to meet increasing energy demands in Latin America. To promote greater protection of human rights, AIDA gave testimony based on this dams report to the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights (IACHR) at a general hearing on November 2, 2009. AIDA has also shared the report’s findings with international experts, policymakers, non-governmental organizations, affected local communities, and international financial institutions such as the World Bank and the Inter-American Development Bank.   Furthermore, AIDA staff presented legal strategy workshops at "Rivers for Life 3", an international meeting of dam-affected communities in Temacapulín, Mexico, October 1-7, 2010. The previous month, AIDA staff represented Latin America on a panel of water experts at World Water Week in Stockholm. In Large Dams in the Americas, AIDA examines five large hydroelectric dams in violation of a range of environmental and human rights laws: Yacyretá in Argentina and Paraguay, Río Madeira in Bolivia and Brazil, Baba in Ecuador, Chan-75 in Panama, and La Parota in Mexico. Through these case studies, AIDA illustrates how governments generally disregard important international obligations and standards, such as the need to conduct proper environmental and social impact assessments.  In the report, we also explain the significant social and environmental impacts caused by large dams. We discuss how families suffer when they are displaced or forcefully evicted by dams and lose valuable farmland, water sources, or traditional fishing areas. We document how the people most harmed by large dams are those from vulnerable populations, including indigenous, afro-descendent and poor farming communities. We also describe how large dams typically harm the environment by flooding valuable ecosystems, dramatically altering natural flows of water, disrupting wildlife habitat, and obstructing the migratory paths of perse species, among other impacts.  In addition, Large Dams in the Americas dispels the myth that dams are a source of "green energy". Even though dams do not rely on fossil fuels to generate electricity, they still contribute to greenhouse gas emissions. Hydroelectric dams create enormous reservoirs of river water that submerge valleys and lead to the decomposition of vast amounts of organic matter. As the trees and other biomasses break down, they release carbon dioxide and methane, the same greenhouse gases that are created by "dirty" technologies like coal-fired electricity plants. Turbines also liberate methane trapped in deep water and emit carbon dioxide as they release pressure from the reservoir.  In tropical regions, dams can emit as much as eleven times the amount of greenhouse gases that a conventional power plant of equivalent size would emit. Given the negative impacts of large dams, AIDA's report recommends that policymakers seriously consider alternatives that protect human rights and our natural ecosystems, save energy, and reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Suggested alternatives include: improving energy efficiency, reducing demand, making better use of sustainable energy sources, investing in energy-efficient technologies and infrastructure, and removing barriers that hinder technology exchange between nations. AIDA wrote this report in collaboration with our participating organizations, CEMDA, CEDHA, ECOLEX and Earthjustice, as well as International Rivers, Sobrevivencia, and the Association for Conservation and Development (ACD). By educating governments, policymakers, communities, and other key players about large dams, we seek to encourage authorities to investigate the matter and apply our recommendations on how to implement dam projects in compliance with international laws.   Spanish-Language Report Available Here

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